Energy
Heat, matter and enthalpy
Trace conduction, convection, radiation, sensible heat, latent heat, phase change, pressure, saturation, and energy balance with units and reasonableness checks.
Refrigeration
The four-state cycle
Follow the compressor, condenser, metering device, and evaporator; distinguish saturation, superheat, and subcooling; explain what each measurement can and cannot prove.
Air
Psychrometrics and airflow
Work with dry bulb, wet bulb, humidity, dew point, enthalpy, static pressure, ventilation, sensible/latent processes, and airside diagnostic evidence.
Electrical
Circuits and troubleshooting
Read schematics and trace transformers, thermostats, relays, contactors, capacitors, motors, safeties, boards, and command/proof relationships within the authorized test boundary.
Service
Find the first divergence
Start with the complaint and intended sequence, define expected values, choose the safest discriminating test, verify the correction, and document the as-left condition.
Professional practice
Communicate and restore
Use current manufacturer information, record measurements, distinguish cause from recommendation, explain work clearly, and leave equipment safe and complete.